diff --git a/TODO.txt b/TODO.txt
index e5b6ef5..4367578 100644
--- a/TODO.txt
+++ b/TODO.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 Think about changing "consume" to "commit"
-Should MakeState be private now that there's Run?
-	I need to be able to test combinators at a lower level than Run.
 What's Megaparsec got that we ain't got?
 chainl
diff --git a/bytes/regexp_test.go b/bytes/regexp_test.go
index b91f61f..d54bb97 100644
--- a/bytes/regexp_test.go
+++ b/bytes/regexp_test.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func TestRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 			Draw(t, "input")
 
 		p := pbytes.Regexp(string(needle))
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(bytes.NewReader(input)))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(bytes.NewReader(input))
 		succeeded, val, next := result.Status()
 
 		must.NoError(t, err)
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 			Draw(t, "input")
 
 		p := pbytes.Regexp(string(needle))
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(bytes.NewReader(input)))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(bytes.NewReader(input))
 		succeeded, _, _ := result.Status()
 
 		must.NoError(t, err)
@@ -49,21 +49,21 @@ func TestRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("fails on unexpected error", func(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedErr := errors.New("it broke")
 		p := pbytes.Regexp("nope")
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(ptest.ErrReaderAt(expectedErr)))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(ptest.ErrReaderAt(expectedErr))
 		succeeded, _, _ := result.Status()
 		test.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedErr)
 		test.False(t, succeeded)
 	})
 	t.Run("returns a useful Got value", func(t *testing.T) {
 		p := pbytes.Regexp("hello")
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(strings.NewReader("hellaparsec")))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(strings.NewReader("hellaparsec"))
 
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		test.StrContains(t, result.Message().Got(), "hella")
 	})
 	t.Run("succeeds on empty matches", func(t *testing.T) {
 		p := pbytes.Regexp(".*")
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(strings.NewReader("")))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(strings.NewReader(""))
 		succeeded, value, _ := result.Status()
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		must.True(t, succeeded)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func TestRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	t.Run("fails without an error at EOF", func(t *testing.T) {
 		p := pbytes.Regexp("a")
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(strings.NewReader("")))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(strings.NewReader(""))
 		succeeded, _, _ := result.Status()
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		must.False(t, succeeded)
diff --git a/gigaparsec.go b/gigaparsec.go
index 4caa5de..dfac587 100644
--- a/gigaparsec.go
+++ b/gigaparsec.go
@@ -133,7 +133,8 @@ func MessageEnd(pos uint64, expected ...string) Message {
 	return Message{pos: pos, got: "end of input", expected: expected}
 }
 
-// MakeState creates a new State
+// MakeState creates a new State.
+// It's mostly useful for testing. You probably don't need it.
 func MakeState[In any](r ReaderAt[In]) State[In] {
 	return State[In]{r: r}
 }
@@ -225,10 +226,15 @@ func (p Parser[In, Out]) Map[Out2 any](f func(Out) Out2) Parser[In, Out2] {
 	})
 }
 
-// Run executes a parser on r and returns the result.
-func (p Parser[In, Out]) Run(r ReaderAt[In]) (out Out, err error) {
+// RunToResult executes a parser on r and returns the result, or an error if reading the inputs fails.
+func (p Parser[In, Out]) RunToResult(r ReaderAt[In]) (Result[In, Out], error) {
 	start := MakeState(r)
-	result, err := p(start)
+	return p(start)
+}
+
+// Run executes a parser on r and returns the output, or an an error if the parse fails.
+func (p Parser[In, Out]) Run(r ReaderAt[In]) (out Out, err error) {
+	result, err := p.RunToResult(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("Run: %w", err)
 		return
diff --git a/parser_test.go b/parser_test.go
index 250ee1b..c8f77f7 100644
--- a/parser_test.go
+++ b/parser_test.go
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ func hasPrefix(prefix []byte) func([]byte) bool {
 func TestSlice(t *testing.T) {
 	assertParseFails := func(t rapid.TB, input []byte, p gigaparsec.Parser[byte, []byte]) {
 		t.Helper()
-		start := gigaparsec.MakeState(bytes.NewReader(input))
-		result, err := p(start)
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(bytes.NewReader(input))
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		success, _, _ := result.Status()
 		test.False(t, success)
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ func TestSlice(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedErr := generator.Error().Draw(t, "expectedErr")
 		r := ptest.ErrReaderAt(expectedErr)
 		s := rapid.SliceOfN(rapid.Byte(), 0, 100).Draw(t, "s")
-		result, err := gigaparsec.MatchSlice(s)(gigaparsec.MakeState(r))
+		result, err := gigaparsec.MatchSlice(s).RunToResult(r)
 		test.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedErr)
 		success, _, _ := result.Status()
 		test.False(t, success)
@@ -67,9 +66,8 @@ func TestSlice(t *testing.T) {
 		input := rapid.SliceOfN(rapid.Byte(), 1, -1).Draw(t, "input")
 		s := rapid.Map(rapid.IntRange(0, len(input)),
 			func(n int) []byte { return input[:n] }).Draw(t, "s")
-		start := gigaparsec.MakeState(bytes.NewReader(input))
 
-		result, err := gigaparsec.MatchSlice(s)(start)
+		result, err := gigaparsec.MatchSlice(s).RunToResult(bytes.NewReader(input))
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		success, value, next := result.Status()
 		test.True(t, success)
@@ -109,7 +107,7 @@ func TestBind(t *testing.T) {
 		p := makeParser(pConsume)
 		q := func(struct{}) gigaparsec.Parser[byte, struct{}] { return makeParser(qConsume) }
 
-		result, err := gigaparsec.Bind(p, q)(gigaparsec.MakeState(bytes.NewReader(nil)))
+		result, err := gigaparsec.Bind(p, q).RunToResult(bytes.NewReader(nil))
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		must.EqOp(t, pConsume || qConsume, result.Consumed())
 	}))
@@ -137,8 +135,7 @@ func TestTry(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%+v", c.P), func(t *testing.T) {
-			start := gigaparsec.MakeState(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[R]{c.P})
-			result, err := gigaparsec.Try(ptest.ForceResult)(start)
+			result, err := gigaparsec.Try(ptest.ForceResult).RunToResult(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[R]{c.P})
 			succeeded, _, _ := result.Status()
 			must.NoError(t, err)
 			test.EqOp(t, c.TryP.Succeed, succeeded)
@@ -148,7 +145,7 @@ func TestTry(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("fails on error", func(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedErr := errors.New("it broke")
 		p := gigaparsec.Try(gigaparsec.Match(byte(0)))
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(ptest.ErrReaderAt(expectedErr)))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(ptest.ErrReaderAt(expectedErr))
 		succeeded, _, _ := result.Status()
 		test.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedErr)
 		test.False(t, succeeded)
@@ -172,7 +169,7 @@ func TestRepeat(t *testing.T) {
 
 		input := append(ptest.SliceOfN(true, successes), false)
 		p := gigaparsec.Repeat(minCount, gigaparsec.Match(true))
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[bool](input)))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[bool](input))
 
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		success, _, next := result.Status()
@@ -190,21 +187,21 @@ func TestRepeat(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		shouldConsume := consumeAt != nil
 
-		result, err := gigaparsec.Repeat(0, ptest.ForceResult)(gigaparsec.MakeState(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[ptest.ForcedResult](input)))
+		result, err := gigaparsec.Repeat(0, ptest.ForceResult).RunToResult(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[ptest.ForcedResult](input))
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		test.EqOp(t, shouldConsume, result.Consumed())
 	}))
 
 	t.Run("does not consume on empty input", func(t *testing.T) {
 		p := gigaparsec.Repeat(0, gigaparsec.Match(0))
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[int](nil)))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(gigaparsec.SliceReaderAt[int](nil))
 		must.NoError(t, err)
 		must.False(t, result.Consumed())
 	})
 	t.Run("fails on error", func(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedErr := errors.New("it broke")
 		p := gigaparsec.Repeat(0, gigaparsec.Match(byte(0)))
-		result, err := p(gigaparsec.MakeState(ptest.ErrReaderAt(expectedErr)))
+		result, err := p.RunToResult(ptest.ErrReaderAt(expectedErr))
 		succeeded, _, _ := result.Status()
 		test.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedErr)
 		test.False(t, succeeded)